我国石油化工消防安全对策研究

随着我国石油天然气生产、消费比重的不断增大,与之相应的消防安全隐患也有增大的趋势。为此,应加强生产安全规章制度的建立和落实,加大消防硬件的建设和合理化部署,加大监管措施和力度,最大限度减少石油化工行业的灾害,为石油天然气的战略调整提供安全保障。     

试论部队驻训对灭火抢险救援训练水平的提升

以消防培训基地、轮训队为依托,建立灭火救援驻训体系,可进一步提升消防部队灭火救援训练效能和水平。分析了驻训的必要性和重要作,论述了驻训体系的组成、驻训的组织实施,以构建完备的驻训体系。     

Evasion policies for a vessel being chased by pirate skiffs

Piracy attack is a serious safety problem for maritime transport worldwide. Whilst various strategic actions can be taken, such as rerouting vessels and strengthening navy patrols, this still cannot completely eliminate the possibility of a piracy attack. It is therefore important for a commercial vessel to be equipped with operational solutions in case of piracy attacks. In particular, the choice of a direction for rapidly fleeing is a critical decision for the vessel. In this article, we formulate such a problem as a nonlinear optimal control problem. We consider various policies, such as maintaining a straight direction or making turns, develop algorithms to optimize the policies, and derive conditions under which these policies are effective and safe. Our work can be used as a real‐time decision making tool that enables a vessel master to evaluate different scenarios and quickly make decisions.     

Expansion of Chinese maritime power in the Indian Ocean: implications for India

This paper examines the ongoing expansion of China’s maritime power in the Indian Ocean region and analyses its potential impact on the extant balance of Sino-Indian maritime power in the region. It posits that the expanding Chinese maritime power in the Indian Ocean could seriously challenge India’s geostrategic advantage in the near future and that India can no longer take for granted its strategic location at the centre of the Indian Ocean nor the strength of its historical ties with the various regional states. It further argues that the current Indian maritime strategy for the Indian Ocean region, to be the “net security provider” for the entire region, is unsustainable and thus needs to be reviewed and rebuilt leveraging the geographic advantage enjoyed by India over China in the Indian Ocean.     

常见有毒化学品泄漏事故模型及救援警戒区的确定

运用连续点源扩散模型,讨论常见有毒化学品泄露事故在不同大气条件下的成灾模型,对距泄漏点一定距离处的有害物质浓度和不同伤害剂量的区域进行了估算,进而探讨有毒化学品泄露事故发生后的应急救援警戒区确定.所提出的泄露事故模型能够为消防部队有效的执行应急救援提供理论依据.     

消防部队化学事故应急救援预案的制定与演习

阐述公安消防部队制定化学事故应急救援预案的程序、方法、步骤及制定预案时应考虑的各种因素;并对化学事故应急预案在不同条件下实施演习的程序、方法及演习过程中应注意的问题提出看法.     

消防指挥专业灭火救援综合演练教学实践与探索

消防指挥专业＂学员自己设计、自己组织、自己参加＂的灭火救援综合演练作为一项崭新的教学内容和教学模式被引进消防指挥专业教学。介绍了该教学模式的总体教学思路,并结合实际演练,分析了灭火救援综合演练教学开展的效果以及演练中存在的问题和下一步的改进措施。实践表明：该教学模式贴近教学需求,教学成效和示范作用明显,是消防指挥专业教学改革的一次成功探索,对全院其它专业具有示范和指导意义。     

载人航天器低空救生仿真

在载人航天器低空救生中,回收系统开伞点的初始状态参数如速度、离地面高度、弹道倾角对返回舱能否安全着陆有很大影响.与正常返回类似,低空救生中的回收系统同样经过多级伞的拉直、充气、全充满等运动过程.通过建立回收系统着陆过程的动力学模型,经过大量仿真对比分析,得到开伞点离地面高度为低空救生中返回舱安全着陆的首要因素,同时对低空救生中回收系统多级伞开伞减速过程有了详细的分析.     

高速公路灾害事故处置难点及其应对措施

消防部队在高速公路灾害事故处置上,直接面对车辆运输物质不确定、缺少消防水源、无线通信不畅、天气变化无常、易造成大面积堵塞致使难以调集救援力量、救援人员自身易受到其他高速行驶车辆撞击威胁、难以展开联合救援等难题,研究了高速公路灾害事故消防处置对策,以应对上述消防处置难题。     

A branch‐and‐cut algorithm for the quay crane scheduling problem in a container terminal

The quay crane scheduling problem consists of determining a sequence of unloading and loading movements for cranes assigned to a vessel in order to minimize the vessel completion time as well as the crane idle times. Idle times originate from interferences between cranes since these roll on the same rails and a minimum safety distance must be maintained between them. The productivity of container terminals is often measured in terms of the time necessary to load and unload vessels by quay cranes, which are the most important and expensive equipment used in ports. We formulate the quay crane scheduling problem as a vehicle routing problem with side constraints, including precedence relationships between vertices. For small size instances our formulation can be solved by CPLEX. For larger ones we have developed a branch‐and‐cut algorithm incorporating several families of valid inequalities, which exploit the precedence constraints between vertices. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006